集聚经济与中国工业生产率的增长--基于DEA的实证分析

Agglomeration Economy and China's Productivity Growth of Industries

本文利用Malmquist指数测算了中国19个二位数行业的30个省份的全要素生产率、技术效率与技术进步指数。收敛性检验表明各行业的生产率增长都呈现不同程度的收敛特征。回归结果显示,不论传统行业还是高新技术行业,专业化与多样化对全要素生产率、技术效率与技术进步的影响都不尽相同。主要发现有:(1)专业化更有利于促进行业技术效率提高,而不太有利于促进行业技术进步;(2)多样化对一些行业的生产率有促进作用,但与行业特征并无特别关联;(3)竞争效应总体影响较弱,会在一定程度上阻碍部分行业的生产率提高,对技术效率与技术进步的作用有明显差异,技术效率普遍有负面影响,但对技术进步有积极作用;(4)FDI对各行业生产率影响特征并不明显。

This paper uses Malmquist index to measure Total Factor Productivity, Technique Efficiency and Technology Change of 19 two digit industries in 30 provinces. The results reveal that the impact of specialization and diversity on productivities doesn＇t take on consistent pattern in both traditional industry and high- tech industries. We mainly find that specialization makes more contribution to improvement of Technique Efficiency rather than that of Technology Change, and diversity can promote the productivities of some industries but has no special relation with the character of industries, in the end the competition and FDI effect seems both to be insignificant.