基于城市危机关键控制点的应急管理模式研究

Emergency management model based on urban crisis critical control points

为有效降低城市中各类风险隐患造成的危害和损失,提高城市应对危机的能力,为了合理配置城市应急资源,将关键控制点方法的预防性管理思想应用到城市应急管理中。从危机管理的角度对城市应急管理过程进行了划分,分析了各个过程中可能发生的危害,并进行危害因素显著性分析和关键控制点确定,在此基础上,提出一个基于关键控制点的城市应急管理模式,针对各关键控制点制定了具有可行性的监控方法和危害控制措施。

The paper takes it as its object to work out an urban emergency management model to reduce the harm and loss that are likely to be caused by various risk factors impeding a city＇s sustainable development and heighten its power to cope with unexpected crises.It is from the above said objectives that push us to overview all the necessary preventive ideas to cope with such critical control points（CCP）.Firstly,in regard to the crisis management,the process of urban emergency management is likely to be divided into five categories,i.e.early warning,response,intervening,rescuing,evaluation and resumption.Then,the potential hazards involved in each process are analyzed in detail.Further,significance analysis of these hazards has been done so as to define what are the critical control points in the five processes by using a method of a decision-making tree,on the basis of which,an urban emergency management model has been put forward based on the study of the critical control points.In addition,a monitoring index system has to be set up aiming at the CCP in every emergency management way.Starting from the actual situation of the given city,the critical range of the monitoring indexes should be determined in accordance with the scientific analysis of the government staff,experts in the given field and some other related researchers.Next,feasible monitoring methods that are made by one of the monitoring data are recorded and compared with the critical ranges of control and scatter diagram with necessary control measures are proposed that can be adopted when a certain CCP exceed the critical range.And,finally,an effective archives management system has been established in order to record the effects of emergency management.The model has thus been founded on the critical control points achieves which is expected to raise the urban emergency management standards.