1991～2006年乐山市甲型肝炎流行特征分析

STUDY ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEPATITIS A IN LESHAN FROM 1991 TO 2006

[目的]探讨乐山市甲肝流行特征,为政府制订防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]采用描述流行病学方法分析甲型肝炎的三间分布情况。[结果]1999～2006年与1991～1998年比较发病率下降了77.07%,死亡率下降了88.80%,发病年龄呈后移趋势(χ2=642.86,P﹤0.000),儿童学生发病构成呈下降趋势,工人、农民等发病构成呈上升趋势(χ2=323.068,P﹤0.000),前期发病率居前5位的均为丘陵区县、后期居前5位的为山区或深丘区县。[结论]甲肝是可以通过免疫控制甚至消灭的传染病,但是国家尚未纳入计划免疫管理,接种率得不到应有的保护水平,将甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划并免费接种,长期坚持消灭甲肝就可能成为现实。

[Objective] To understand the epidemiological features of hepatitis A and explore strategies for its prevention and treatment. [Methods] Method of descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze time, space and crowd distribution of hepatitis A. [Results] Statistics showed that the incidence rate of hepatitis A from 1999 to 2006 decreased by 77.07% and the mortality rate decreased by 88.80% than that from 1991 to 1998, and a trend that onset began at an older age was seen （x^2 = 642.86, P 〈 0.000）. The onset composition of students and young one showed a decreasing trend and that of workers and peasants showed a increasing trend （x^2 = 323.068, P 〈 0.0000）. The first five incidence rates were all distributed in upland areas during the prophase and mountainous areas or deep upland areas during the anaphase. [Conclusion] Hepatitis A is a kind of infectious disease that can be controlled even eliminated by immunization method. But by now it hasn＇t been brought into planned immunization management, so the inoculation rate can＇t reach protective level. It will come true that eliminating hepatitis A ff bacterin of hepatitis A is brought into planned immunization and inoculated for free and for a long-term persistence;