从“个”和“枚”等三对量词的历时演变看汉语量词发展的机理

Evolution of Chinese Quantifier from the Perspective of Three Pairs of Quantifiers

文章考察"个"和"枚"、"只"和"头"、"根"与"条"三对量词的演变,探究汉语量词发展的机理。并指出"个"取代"枚"的三个原因:第一,"枚"比较实在的称量对象制约了"枚"的泛化;第二,"枚"的名词意义始终没有彻底地消失,制约了"枚"的泛化。第三,"枚"的指形性比"个"强,制约了"枚"的进一步迁移,而"个"称量对象扩大,本义[名词意义]完全消失,成为一个专职量词,迅速取代"枚"。

The evolution of three pairs of quantifiers,namely＂ge （个）＂and＂mei （枚）＂,＂zhi （只）＂and＂tou （头）＂,＂gen （根）＂and＂tiao （条）＂,are investigated to exploit the evolution of Chinese quantifiers.It is proposed that three reasons account for the evolution from＂mei （枚）＂to＂ge （个）＂.First,the definition scope of＂mei （枚）＂restrains its popularization.Second,the nominal meaning of＂mei （枚）＂has disappeared,which also restrains its popularization.Third,the referentiality is stronger than＂ge （个）＂.This again restrains its popularization.On the other hand,＂ge （个）＂has a wider definition scope,its nominal meaning has disappeared,and it has evolved to be a full quantifiers and promptly replaced＂mei （枚）＂.