文化批评的达成:《万延元年的足球队》论

Cultural Criticism in "The Football Team in 1st Year of Wanyan"

以“复数的解释和记忆”颠覆既成的、统一的“历史的讲述方法”是1964～1967年前后大江健三郎最关心的问题点。本文以《万延元年的足球队》为中心，从小说体现出来的“历史的叙述方法”中考察大江健三郎的历史意识，以及因这种历史意识的介入而达成的文化批评的情状。在《万》中，关于万延元年农民暴动的所有传承、记录、记忆都是在某种特定的情景中以特定的意图被讲述、被接受的，而大江所真正要抒写的绝非“历史”本身，而是重复着这种“历史”的“当下”。这部作品是深层次进行民族反思的操作．从中可以感受到的是作家通过对“历史”的唤起和对“历史意识”的追究来进行的对日本近代史的批判。大江健三郎以《万延元年的足球队》，又开拓出了他身为“启蒙者”的又一条新路．即通过对历史的追究进行文化批评。

From around 1964 to 1967, what Kendzaburo Oa concerned most was ＂plural explanations and memory＂instead of＂historical method of description＂. On the basis of ＂The Football Team in 1st Year of Wanyan＂and its ＂historical method of description＂, Kendzaburo Oa＇s sense of history and cultural criticism resulting from this sense are examined. In ＂The Football Team in 1st Year of Wanyan＂, all the inheritance ,recordings and memory concerning the peasants＇revolt are described and accepted under certain circumstances. What Kendzaburo Oa described is more than the history itself, actually reflecting the present society. Kendzaburo Oa makes use of＂history＂to arouse people＇s＂sense of history＂, and thus criticized Japan＇s modern history. By means of ＂The Football Team in 1st Year of Wanyan＂, Kendzaburo Oa finishes his cultural criticism.