论社会歧视及其治理——一个社会学视角的理论分析

On Social Discrimination and Its Governance——A Theoretical Analysis of Sociological Perspective

从社会学的视角来看,社会歧视的核心内涵是不公平和不平等,态度、行为、制度是其三个纬度。社会歧视是一个由偏见到制度性歧视(个人偏见→社会偏见→行为性歧视→制度性歧视)的连续发展谱系,我们称之为社会歧视链。社会歧视链这一概念为我们认识社会歧视的性质和内在机制提供了一个很好的支撑。一方面,它表明社会歧视是有一个内在演进脉络的,而且这种演进并非单向的,由于"自我实现预言"等机制的影响,该链条的不同环节之间不断地存在着相互强化、甚至恶性循环等情况。另一方面,社会歧视链的各个环节并非是完全衔接的。比方说并非有社会偏见就一定会发生行为性歧视、也并非有歧视行为就一定会演化为制度性歧视,同样,行为性歧视并非都是因为社会偏见、制度性歧视并非都是因为行为性歧视。基于社会歧视发生的复杂机制的认识,本文提出了相应的治理策略,包括"综合治理——逆向推进"的总体思路和加强群体沟通、反歧视宣传、弱势群体自立自强、壮大反歧视的力量等具体策略。

From sociological perspective, the core of social discrimination is unfair and unequal. Social discrimination is a pedigree which include prejudice, social prejudice, acts of discrimination and institutional discrimination. So we call it social discrimination chain. This concept provides us a good support for our understanding of the nature and mechanism of social discrimination. On the one hand, it shows that there＇re some inherent contexts in different types of social discrimination. On the other hand, different segments of social discrimination chain are not fully converging. Based on the understanding of the complex mechanism, this paper puts forward some proposals which including the general idea of ＂Comprehensive governance-- Reverse advance＂ and some Concrete strategies, such as strengthening the communication between the groups ,increasing antidiscrimination propaganda, vulnerable groups＇ self-reliance , strengthening the power of anti-discrimination.