文化:社会发展的动力与反动力

Culture:Motive force and Reaction of the Development of Society

关于社会发展动力问题,有许多说法,如"自然动力论"、"神学动力论"、"人性动力论"、"合力论"等等,但往往轻视文化对社会发展的重要影响。事实上,文化一直在人类社会发展中扮演着重要角色。本文认为,文化不是作为政治、经济的附属而存在,其实它是推动社会发展的根本动力之一。从全面的角度看,文化同时具有阻碍社会进步的反动力一面,因而文化具有二相性。

On the issue of motive force of the development of society, there have been many statements, such as natural dynamic theory, theological dynamic theory, dynamic theory of human nature, and theory of resultant force and so on; however, the important influence on the social development had by culture is often neglected. In fact, culture has been playing an important role in the human social development all the time. This paper holds that culture is not as adjunct of politics and economy but as one of the basic motive force to promote the development of society. From the overall viewpoint, culture also has the attribute of reaction to hinder social progress： therefore culture has two -phase nature.