康乾二帝拜谒明孝陵原因探析

Reasons for Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong's Visit to Ming Xiaoling Tomb

明孝陵位于南京钟山之阳,明太祖朱元璋和马皇后合葬于此。作为明代开国君主的陵寝,清代的康熙、乾隆先后11次亲往拜谒,可谓礼遇有加。其中原因,远非一句"笼络人心"所能概括。它包含了清帝对自身正统地位的昭示、对满汉认同的诉求、对"清承明制"的认同等诸多深刻原因。

Xiaoling Tomb, located on the southern slope of Zhongshan Mountain, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan-zhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty and his Empress. This tomb was visited by Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong for seven times and it indicates great honor of the Qing Dynasty to Zhu Yuan-zhang. The simple summary of ＂appeasing citizens＂ can not fully explain the motivations behind these actions. The reasons contain many factors such as the Qing Dynasty~ declaration of its legitimacy, its pursuit on Man-Han ethnical reconciliation Man and Hart nationalities, and also identity of the Qing Dynasty as the legal successor of the Ming Dynasty.