试论美国妇女争取堕胎权利的斗争

American Women's Striving for the Abortion Rights

美国60年代轰轰烈烈的群众运动为妇女争取堕胎权利运动奠定了政治基础。1973年美国联邦最高法院在罗诉韦德案中作出判决,妇女拥有决定是否生育的宪法权利,堕胎是妇女的隐私权。这标志着美国妇女争取堕胎权利的斗争取得阶段性胜利。罗诉韦德案后,主张维护妇女堕胎"选择权"的自由派与保护未出生胎儿"生命权"的保守派之间的较量更为激烈;民主党和共和党分别持赞成或反对堕胎的立场,使妇女争取堕胎权利的斗争变得错综复杂。

The vigorous mass movement in 1960s America established a political foundation for the American women＇s striving for the legitimate abortion rights. In the case of Roev. Wade （1973）, the supreme court of the United States made a landmark ruling. The Supreme Court recognized a woman＇s constitutional right to decide whether to give birth or not, and an abortion is the American women＇s right of privacy. The Roev. Wade decision stirred up a fierce and widespread argument between ＂pro-life＂ advocates who claimed to protect the fetus（Roman Catholic church and some conservative protestant denominations） and ＂pro-choice＂ advocates who supported to maintain the right to abortion （an absolute abortion right movement）. And the contrastive attitudes between the Democratic and Republican Parties towards abortion make the matter even more complicated.