温度和相对湿度对印度谷螟生长发育的影响

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN MEAL MOTH PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA(HBNER)

研究了不同温度和相对湿度对印度谷螟不同阶段的生长发育历期和存活率的影响，组建了印度谷螟在不同温度下的试验种群生命表．结果表明温度对印度谷螟的生长发育有显著的影响．在25～32℃随着温度的升高，印度谷螟的生长加快，发育历期缩短，温度降低则生长发育明显减缓．而在35℃条件下，印度谷螟成虫的产卵期很短，且卵的孵化率很低，存活率为零．65％相对湿度下印度谷螟的生长发育历期和幼虫的存活率都要高于75％相对湿度条件下，而其他虫态存活率为75％相对湿度下高．在印度谷螟生命表中可看出，在25—32℃随着温度的升高，印度谷螟各虫态的存活率有所不同．幼虫期为28℃存活率最高，而卵期、蛹期和成虫期均在32℃温度下最高，在35℃各虫态存活率都最低．印度谷螟生长发育的最佳环境为温度32℃，相对湿度75％．不适宜环境是温度为35℃和65％的相对湿度．

As a variety of pest that occurs widely and badly disserves the foodstuff, the occurrence of Indian meat moth has an important influence to social economy and daily life. The effect of combination of different temperature and different relative humidity on growth period and livability of different stages of Indian meat moth were studied. The experimental population life tables under different temperature were set up. The results showed that the temperature have significant infection on the growth and development of Indian meal moth. Under the same relative humidity, with the rising of temperature, the Indian meat moth grew more rapidly and the length of growth became shorter. And the speed of growth became slower while the temperature fell down. But stage that the Indian meal moth lay egg was very short at 35 ℃ , and hatching rate of laid eggs is very low,livability is zero. The livability of larva at 75% r. h was higher than that at 65% r.h. but the livability of other life stage at 65% r. h was higher than that in 75% r.h. The life table indicated with the increase of the temperature in the range among 25 - 32 ℃ , livability of every life stage in Indian meal moth is different. The livability of larva is the highest at 28 ℃. However, eggs stage, pupa stage and adult stage is the highest at 32 ℃ , livability of every life stage is the lowest at 35 ℃. These results indicated that the optimal environment of the growth and development in Indian meal moth is 32 ℃ ,75% r.h. Unfit environment is 35 ℃,65% r.h.