2-2供应链网络下生产能力和定价策略研究

Production capacity and pricing policies in 2-2 supply chain network

针对由两个生产商和两个零售商构成的供应链网络中的供应商间生产能力的竞争、零售商间零售价和订购量的竞争问题,建立了最大化期望利润的竞争模型,并对均衡策略进行了分析。在零售价对随机需求有影响的条件下得出如下结论:零售商存在最优定价和最优订货策略;某个零售商的最优定价策略不仅受生产商的批发价的影响,还受另一个零售商定价的影响;最优零售价格随批发价单调增加,随另一零售商的定价单调增加;最优订购量随批发价单调降低,随另一零售商的定价单调降低;生产商也存在一组最优定价策略和均衡的竞争性生产策略。最后,用一个数值算例分析了该竞争模型。

A network structure of supply chain was focused including two manufacturers and two retailers, and a competition model of expected profit maximization was established to study production capacity competition between manufacturers, ordering and pricing competitions between retailers. Then, equilibrium policies were analyzed. Following conclusions were obtained under the condition that the demand was price sensitive. There exist the optimal pricing and ordering policies for the retailers. The optimal pricing policy for a retailer was influenced not only by the wholesale price, but also by the pricing of another retailer. The optimal price was increasing monotone with the wholesale price and another retail price. While the optimal order quantity was decreasing monotone with the wholesale price and another retail price. The manufacturers also have a set of optimal pricing policies and equilibrium competitive production policies. Finally, a numerical example was presented to analyze this competition model.