体育运动对初中生心理健康影响

Effects of physical exercises on mental health among students in Junior Middle School

目的了解初中生体育运动与心理健康状况,探讨初中学生体育运动与心理健康的关系,为制定相关健康教育计划提供依据。方法在大同市随机抽取一所普通中学,采用世界卫生组织(WHO)的GSHS问卷调查该校初中部所有学生。结果收到有效问卷1646份。初中生运动不足率68.1%,女生高于男生;运动不足率随年级升高显著提高,而参加运动队比例随年级升高显著降低。过去一年内,26.7%的学生有过抑郁,16.1%的学生认真想过自杀,自杀意愿女生高于男生,初三学生高于低年级。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,运动不足与性别、参加运动队和听老师讲过运动有益有关,孤独感与是否参加运动队有关,自杀意愿与运动频率有关。结论初中生运动不足率和心理问题发生率较高,参加运动队和听老师讲过运动好处是运动足量的保护因素,体育运动是初中生心理健康的保护因素。学校应开展丰富的体育活动,加强运动和心理健康教育,增进青少年的身心健康。

Objective To investigate the situation of physical exercise and its impact factors among students of a junior middle school, and to analyze its relationship with mental health. Methods A junior middle school was randomly selected in Datong City. Questionnaire survey （GSHS） developed by World Health Organization （WHO） was used to collect the data among 1646 students. Results 68. 1% of the sampled students did not have sufficient physical activity, and more girls were more likely to lack sufficient physical activity than boys. The rate of students at a higher grade level who lacked sufficient physical activity was significant higher than that of students at a lower grade level, and sports team membership rate for students at a higher grade level was significantly lower than the rate for students at a lower grade level. In the past academic year, 26. 7% of students had depression, and 16. 1% of them had considered suicide seriously. Moreover, more female students had higher level of suicide intention than male students. The multivariate regression results showed that the students whose teachers had told them the benefit of physical exercise or attended one of school sports teams had more physical activities than others, and that loneliness was correlated with attending sports teams while suicide intention was correlated with the frequency of physical activity. Conclusion The incidences of the lack of physical activity and mental health problems were relatively high among junior high school students. Physical activity was closely related to health education at class and attending sport teams, and it is the protective factor for students＇ psychological health. Comprehensive education activities on physical exercise and mental health should be implemented among students as early as possible in order to improve their physical and mental health.