北京市低收入群体妇女乳腺疾病调查

The investigation on breast diseases prevalence among women with low income in Beijing

目的：了解北京市低收入群体女性乳腺疾病患病现状，探讨该人群乳腺疾病筛查的可行方法，为该人群乳腺疾病一级预防实施提供借鉴经验。方法：采用目的抽样方式对北京市郊区及在京流动人口妇女开展乳腺疾病健康讲座，同时做乳腺体检和问卷调查。结果：调查的1247例妇女中患有不同类型乳腺疾病者470例，患病率37．7％，其中乳腺增生占93．1％。25—44岁是乳腺疾病的高发年龄段。年龄与乳腺疾病的发生风险增加有关，OR值=1．325（95％CI：1．142—1．533），文化程度与疾病的发生呈负相关（OR=0．621，95％CI：0．576～0．726）。结论：低收入群体妇女的乳腺疾病患病率与北京市平均水平接近，患病高发年龄段为25—44岁，该人群中文化程度为保护因素。该人群得到健康知识与筛查较为困难，应开展高效低成本的定期检测以及乳腺防病防癌知识的普及教育，以利于乳腺疾病的防治。

Objective： To investigate the prevalence and situation of breast diseases among women with low income in Beijing, explore the feasible screening methods of breast diseases in communities and provide the evidence for the primary prevention of breast diseases of this population. Methods： A duster sampling was conducted among 1 247 non - symptomatic local women in the rural areas and non - local women in Beijing. Results： A total of 470 cases of different types of breast diseases were diagnosed, the prevalence was 37.7%, including 438 （93.1%） breast hyperplasia. The young women from 25 to 44 years old were the highest - risk population. Also, an increased risk of breast diseases in subjects with the increase age （ OR = 1. 325, 95% CI ： 1. 145 - 1. 533 ） . In contrast, risks tended to decrease in the women of higher educational level （OR =0. 621, 95%, CI： 0. 532-0. 726） . Conclusion： The breast diseases prevalence in women with low income is similar to that in the other population in Beijing, but the effective breast self - examination （BSE） is irregular, and health education of preventing is very essential to prevent and control breast diseases in this population.