木材采运系统物质流与能量流模式的分析

Analysis of material flow and energy flow in forest logging system

在木材采运系统中,物质流可分为木质流、生物质流、养分流、土壤流和水分流,能量流推动物质流的流动和转换。用输入、排放、输出3股物质流组成的木质流图,反映出木材采运系统各工序内部和工序之间的物质流动,可分析系统的立木资源效率和环境负荷。采用输入、输出、加入、损失、回收他用5股能量流组成的能量流图,反映出系统各工序内部和工序之间的能量流动,可用于分析单位能耗和能量效率。对原木采集生产过程进行分析,得出采集系统中各物质流之间的相互关系以及物质流与能量流的耦合关系。

The material flow in a logging system can be divided into wooden material flow, biomass flow, nutrient flow, soil flow and water content flow. Energy flow was the force to push material fows and their transformation. The wooden material flow is consisted of three sub-flows of input, lost and output. The flow showed that the material flows in a production process and between production stages could be applied to analyze the efficiency of timber resources and the environment burden. The energy flow included five sub-flows of input, output, added, lost and recovery for other use. The flow showed that the energy flows in a production process and between production stages could be applied to analyze the unit energy consumption and the energy efficiency. The relations among the flows of different materials in the system and the coupling relation between the material flow and the energy flow in the system were found in the study of log harvesting production process. The study provided the basis for further researches on the ecology-based logging operation system.