植物菌根共生体结构的研究进展

Review on the structure of plant mycorrhiza

对菌根共生体结构的研究近年受到重视,并从外部形态、组织解剖结构逐渐深入到超微结构方面。笔者从以下几方面对菌根结构的研究进行了综述:菌根的形态和类型多样,因真菌、植物种类及生长环境而有所差异;菌套、哈氏网的类型及外延菌丝的形态多样,在菌根共生体营养吸收和交换中发挥重要作用;在超微结构方面,菌根的形成对寄主质膜及细胞骨架结构有一定的影响;同时,共生体中真菌液泡系统形态结构变化也与营养储存和运输能力密切相关。对菌根共生体结构的研究有助于了解其与根功能的适应及深入探讨菌根的作用机理,为菌根菌的进一步应用提供理论基础。

In recent years, more and more literatures were found in the study of mycorrhizal structures from extemal form and anatomy structure of tissue to ultrastructure field. The studies of ectomycorrhiza structures were reviewed in this paper. The mycorrhizal morphologies were various due to fungi, plant species and growth environment. The type of mantle and hartig net, and the morphology of extraradical hyphae were diversity. They played important roles in nutrients absorption and exchange. Mycorrhizal formation had some impacts on the structure of host plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, while the structure change of vacuole system in mycorrhizal fungi also had some relationship with nutrients storage and transportation. The studies of mycorrhizal structures were helpful to understand the function mechanism of mycorrhiza. It could provide a theoretical base for further application of mycorrhiza.