政治话语的变化:从个人权利到公共的善——社群主义述评

Changes in political discourse: from individual right to public good——A general review of Communitarianism

新自由主义的政治哲学以个体为中心,认为一个良好的社会在于对个体自由的绝对维护。而社群主义则力图把社群利益置于政治话语的中心,强调个人自由和平等与社群的价值观相一致。在批评新自由主义政治哲学的基础上,社群主义提出了关于公共利益和国家观的理论。社群主义强调"公共的善"优于"个人的权利"。这种思想对纠正新自由主义的理论偏颇有一定的理论和现实意义,但是这一以对抗性形式出现的理论不可避免地又走向了另一个极端。

The political philosophy of neo-liberalism that takes individual as the central task, believes that a good society lies in maintaining the individual freedom absolutely. Exactly the reverse, is true for that tries to put the interests of community in the center of political discourse. Communitarianism emphasizes that individual＇s freedom and equality should be consistent with the values of the community. By criticizing the political philosophy of neo-liberalism, communitarianism emphasizes the concept of national interests and the theory of public interests and state. Communitarianism contends that public good is prior to individual right, which has a certain theoretical and practical meaning for correcting the theoretical prejudice, however. This theory goes inevitably to another extreme for its opposability.