苏格拉底之前古希腊文论中的人性与神性

The Divine Nature and the Human Nature in the Ancient Greek Theory of Literature and Art before Sokrates

远在苏格拉底之先,古希腊文论中就出现了一定的神性和人性因素。在毕达哥拉斯那里,神性为主;在赫拉克利特那里,人性占上风;到了德谟克利特,人性居绝对优势。这两种倾向分别来源于古希腊的两种宗教俄尔甫斯教和奥林匹亚神教,并对后世文论产生了不同影响。

Prior to Sokrates, there were some factors of the divine nature and the human nature in the ancient Greek theory of literature and art. The divine nature played a main pole in Pythagorus＇ theory while the human nature got the run upon in Heracletus＇ one and had an absolute advantage in Democritus＇ one. The two tendencies are respectively traced to the two religions of ancient Greece, Orphans and Olympian and have produced different influences on the European theory of literature and art later.