中国能源效率评价及其影响因素分析

Study on the Energy Efficiency of China and its Determinants

文章基于生产理论框架的非参数法,应用几个不同目标情景下的能源效率评价模型,从省际、工业行业面板数据的角度评价了中国的能源效率,并利用"两步法"估计了其影响因素。结果显示,即使以国内先进水平做参照,中国的能源效率总体水平仍然很低,而且省际、区际之间差异较大,表明节能减排潜力巨大。从主要的能源用户来看,工业部门以及6个主要耗能行业的能源效率都不高,这是由能源密集型的工业结构以及生产技术结构所决定的,反映出中国工业经济结构调整以及工业行业技术升级的重要性。我们也发现,技术进步与地区之间的技术扩散,能源价格的适当提高与价格机制的完善,对于能源效率的改进具有重要作用。

This paper measures the energy efficiency of China based on the production theoretic framework by using panel data of inter-provinces and industries from 1990 to 2006 and applying several energy efficiency models for different objectives. The results show that the overall energy efficiency in China is still very low and there are significant differenees across provinees and regions as well. For the main users of energy, industry sector as well as the six highest energy consuming sectors is also very low, which may be determined by energy-intensive industry structure and technology feature. At last, the authors also find that the technological progress and price mechanism benefit the improvement of energy efficiency.