生态农业的景观布局、循环设计及生物关系重建

Landscape Design,Circulation System Design and Biological Relationship Design in Ecoagricultural Systems

景观生态布局、循环系统建设和生物关系重建是生态农业建设的核心和重点,是分别在景观层次、生态系统层次和群落以下层次为中国特色农业现代化道路营造基本格局。景观生态布局包括生物保护规划、资源利用规划、生态安全规划和景观美学规划等。循环系统建设包括农田系统循环、农牧系统循环、农业加工循环、农村内部循环、城市农村循环和生物地球循环。生物关系重建是针对当前农业的生物关系被简化、被分割的情况提出的,以作物为核心的生物关系为例,可通过与昆虫、微生物、大型动物、乔、灌、草和其他作物建立起恰当关系,改善作物养分供应,实现对有害生物控制和对资源高效利用。这三大措施所支撑的中国生态农业不同于西方工业化国家农业发展的道路,能够很好地继承中国传统农业的精华,促进现代信息技术、生物技术、材料科学和先进机械制造等现代科学技术在农业的应用,有利于推动农业现代企业、农业相关法规和制度建设。明确了这些措施也就为生态农业建设的科学评价提供了依据。

The key measures in ecoagricuhural practice include landscape design at landscape level, circulation system design at ecosystem level and biological relationship design at community level and below. Landscape design includes design in biological conservation, resources utilization framework, ecological safety, and esthetic landscape. Circulation system design involves circulation system in fields, among crops and animals, between agriculture and processing industries, between village and fields, between urban and rural area, and in bio-geochemical cycle. The design of biological reationship is proposed to reverse the simplification and separation situation of biological relationships in modern agriculture. In crop production, it can improve the nutrition supply, pest control and resources utilization efficiency by the optimum relationships between crop and insect, microorganism,animal, shrub, grass, tree, and other crops. China＇s ecoagricuhure supported by these three measures is different from western industrial countries. It can well pass on the elegant traditions in traditional Chinese agriculture and promote the application of modern science and technology,such as modern information technology, biotecbnology, material science and advance mechanical manufacture in agriculture. It can also promote the establishment of modern agricultural enterprises,legislation processes and the modern management system. Thus providing a scientific basis for the evaluation of ecoagricuhural practice.