语用含糊的认知推导及其规约化

Cognitive Inference and Conventionalization of Pragmatic Vagueness

语用含糊是受说话人、听话人和社会心理规约共同作用产生的交际策略,其触发机制是听话人认知语境中与明示假设相抵触的直接假设,具有推测性;其交际意图的获得离不开听话人认知语境中的扩展假设,它是由假设图式与现时语境中的信息组合而成的。在日常生活中语用含糊现象随处可见,其原因是,这种现象在言语交际过程中不断被认知化,处于完全未规约化与完全规约化的中间状态,其结果是交际者能够自如地使用含糊的言语,并且成为一种习惯。语用含糊现象是个体的认知推理与语言规约化共同作用的产物。

Pragmatic vagueness is one of the communicative strategies affected by communicators and social conventions. The trigger of pragmatic vagueness is the factual assumption, stored in the hearer＇s cognitive context and contradictory to the ostensive assumption. The communicative intention of pragmatic vagueness is achieved by the extensional assumption, which is a combination of the assumption schema and the information in the immediately observable context. Considering its large quantities in everyday communication, this thesis argues that constant use of pragmatic vagueness results in its gradual half-conventionalization. This in turn leads to the communicator＇s free and habitual use of vague language. Therefore, Pragmatic vagueness is a combination of the individual＇s cognitive inference and pragmatic conventionalization.