土地利用类型及其格局变化的热环境效应--以哈尔滨市为例

Study on the thermal environment effect of land use type and pattern changes:Harbin city

采用极差标准化方法消除由于时相差异造成遥感影像获取地表温度值的不可比性;用2km格网内不同土地利用类型所占的面积比例表征土地利用格局,以中国哈尔滨市为例,研究城市热场分布的空间格局、时空变化规律,探讨不同土地利用类型的空间格局对城市热环境的影响.结果表明:哈尔滨市建成区存在显著的热岛效应并呈增强态势、市区总体地表温度升高.各用地类型随面积比例的升高平均地表温度相互间差异变小,建设用地对热岛效应的作用增强,水体缓解热岛效应的作用减弱,热环境的空间差异性变得不明显.

Normalizing land surface temperature to eliminate its uncomparableness due to the images acquired in different times, calculating the proportion of land use types in 2km×2km case as a token of the land use pattern, and take Harbin city as an example to study the spatial pattern and the rule of spatial-temporal changes of urban heat field distribution, and uncover the effects of land use types spatial pattern on the urban thermal environment. The results show that： Heat-island effect existed remarkably in the built up area of Harbin, and was swelled; the collectivity land surface temperature of Harbin city ascended. The mean values＇ discrepancy of each land use of different types of land surface temperature decreased; the function of build up area to heat-island effect boosted up; water＇ s function of reducing heat-island effect weakened; spatial discrepancy of thermal environment became unconspicuous.