黑木耳菌糠改良苏打盐碱土效果研究

Effect of Waste Material Cultured Auricularia auricula on Soda Alkali-Saline Soil Improvement

通过盆栽试验,初步研究了种植黑木耳后的下脚料(即菌糠)对苏打盐碱土的改良作用。结果表明:黑木耳菌糠施入苏打盐碱土后,土壤理化性状发生了显著改善;随菌糠用量的增加,其物理性质主要表现为:土壤团聚能力增强;土壤田间持水能力增强;其化学性质表现为:土壤pH值随菌糠用量的增加而降低,土壤可溶盐组成中CO32-和HCO3-的含量随菌糠用量增加而减少,当菌糠用量达50.0 g/kg时,CO32-消失;Cl-,SO42-含量同全盐量的变化规律一致,随菌糠用量的增加而提高;其可溶盐中Ca2+,Mg2+,K+、Na+含量增加。而土壤交换性阳离子组成中Ca2+,Mg2+含量增加,交换性Na+含量降低,阳离子交换量增加,其碱化度降低。且交换性Ca2+,Mg2+含量与菌糠用量成正相关关系;交换性Na+含量、碱化度与菌糠用量成负相关关系。即黑木耳菌糠施入苏打盐碱土后,改善其理化性状,创造了宜于作物生长的土壤环境。施用菌糠提高了土壤肥力,在施入菌糠的苏打盐碱土上种植牧草,提高其地上部生物量。菌糠作为有机改良剂改良苏打盐碱土是可行的。

A pot experiment test was carried out to study effect of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula on soda alkali-saline soil improvement. The results showed that the physico-chemical properties of soda alkali-saline soil have had the remarkable improvement, after adding waste material cultured Auricularia au- ricula. The soil physical property performance were soil specific surface decreasing, the aggregate （0. 01-- 0.05 mm） remarkable increasing among microaggregate composition, and the aggregate （0. 005-0.01 mm, 0. 001-0. 005 mm, 〈0. 001 mm ） remarkable decreasing, the bulk specific gravity reduced, the porosity increased, Field moisture capacity raised. The soil chemistry nature performance were,along with amount increasing of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula, pH lowering, CO3^2- and HCO3^-content reducing. As amount of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula reached 50.0 g/kg, CO3^2- content disappears, Cl^- and SO4^2- content and total salt improved along with amount increasing of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula, Ca^2＋ ,Mg^2＋ ,K^＋ ,Na^＋ contents of soil salinity compositions increased compared to the control. The results of effect of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula on exchangeable cation composi- tions indicated exchangeable Ca^2＋ , Mg^2＋ contents improving, CEC remarkably increasing, exchangeable Na^＋ content decreasing, ESP remarkably reducing. Exchangeable Ca^2＋ ,Mg^2＋ eontents were positive correlation to application rates of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula, positive correlatin coefficient was 0. 992 0 0.-977 8, exchangeable Na^＋ content, as well as ESP was negative correlation to application rates of waste material cultured Auricularia auricula ,negative correlatin coefficient is 0. 984 4; 0. 982 2. Soil fertility had had remarkable improvement after adding waste material cultured Auricularia auricula. Outcomes of plantinghay crop above improvement soil were biomasses of aerial growth plant increasing. The results indicated the improvement of physico-chemical properties of soda alkali-saline soil had created the good soil environment for the crops growth after waste material cultured Auricularia auricuZa directly increased into soda alkali-saline soil, at the same time, plant growth has remarkable improvement. Waste material cultured Auricularia auricula was feasible method to improve soda alkali-saline soil.