联邦制、国家统一与两种话语之争——对近代中国联邦制论争的回顾与思考

Federalism, nation unity and two theme’s debate——the review and think about federalism discussion in modern China history

自清末至北洋政府时期,联邦论作为一种处理中央与地方关系的分权理论,在近代中国政治生活中时隐时现,并最终引发"联省自治"运动。但由于联邦论作为一种外来思想,难以在中国政治文化中找到移植的土壤进而完成国家统一的政治整合使命,从而使联邦论的正当性逐步消蚀。而联邦论与反联邦论之间的论争最后演化为宪政民主与民族国家两种话语之争,它扭转了中国政治发展的模式,并最终使联邦主义成为中国历史上被放弃的制度选择。

From the era of the late Qing Dynasty to Republic of China in Beijing, federalism theory had important value to deal with power dispersion about central authority and local government in modern China＇s political reality, which result in appearance of ＂Federalism Movement＂ in 1920. But we must realize that federalism was abroad idea and couldn＇ t find acceptance theory soil in china political culture, which let＇ s federalism lose proper cause step by step when it couldn＇ t finished the mission about integrate national separation. When the discussion about federalist and anti-federalist transform to debate theme with constitutionalism and nationality, which turn around Chinese political development model and make federalism became an abandonment institution selection finally in modern china history.