广州地区献血人群人类微小病毒B19感染情况调查

INVESTIGATION ON THE INFECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 IN BLOOD DONORS IN GUANGZHOU

目的了解广州地区献血人群HPVB19病毒感染状况。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对无偿献血者血液进行HPVB19IgG和IgM抗体筛查。结果1760者无偿献血者血液标本中,检出HPVB19IgG阳性679例,阳性率为38.6%;检出HPVB19IgM阳性33例,阳性率为1.9%,两者检出率有显著差异(x2=7.78,p<0.005)。18岁年龄组献血者HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率为29.6%,50岁年龄组HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率为57.1%。不同年龄组间的HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率存在显著相关性(x2=62.31,p<0.005)。结论广州地区献血人群中HPVB19病毒既往感染率较高,而且HPVB19IgG抗体阳性检出率随献血者年龄增大明显增大。献血人群中HPVB19病毒急性感染感染率相对较低,但目前尚未在献血人群中开展HPVB19病毒特异性抗体筛查情况下,仍然存在输血传播该病毒的危险性。

Objective To investigate the situation and distribution of human parvovirus B19 （HPVB19） infection in volunteer blood donors in Guangzhou. Methods Blood samples from volunteer blood donors were tested for HPVB19 IgG and IgM antibody by ELISA. Results HPVB19 IgG antibody was positive in 679 of 1760 volunteer blood donors, HPVB19 IgM antibody was positive in 33 of 1760 volunteer blood donors. The positive rates of HPVB19 IgG and IgM antibody were 38.6% and 1.9% respectively, and there was remarkable difference between them（Х^2 =7.78,P 〈0.005）. The positive rate of HPVB19 IgG antibody was 29.6% in the 18 years age group and 57.1% in the 50 years age group, and there was a high remarkable correlation in the age groups （Х^2 = 7.78,P 〈 0. 005）. Conclusion There was a high positive rate of HPVB19 IgG, and a low prevalence of HPVB19 infection among volunteer blood donors in Guangzhou. The positive rate of HPVB19 IgG antibody is increased with increasing age of volunteer blood donors. It is suggested that the risk of transmission of HPVB19 via transfusion should affect blood safety presently.