凡纳滨对虾的选育与家系的建立

Selective breeding and pedigree foundation of Litopenaeus vannamei

采用对虾阶段式种群选育与家系选育相结合的方法,以三个不同来源的14个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖群体为基础进行个体选育、家系选育和家系内选育。共建立了206个不同的凡纳滨对虾家系,养殖过程中根据不同的生物学指标,逐渐淘汰了126个生长、抗逆性状较差的群体,在80个家系养殖到150日龄的商品虾期,对各家系的生长状况和畸形率进行了统计分析。结果表明,各家系在相同或相近的养殖条件下生长速度、成活率和畸形率差别较大,150日龄对虾的体质量呈现明显的正态分布。最终保留了40个生物学性状较好的群体进行F2代的繁育。创造性地进行了对虾的家系选育和个体选育,并首次将对虾的畸形率作为选育的指标之一进行了研究,初步建立了对虾的家系选育体系,为生产实践和理论研究提供了很好的技术平台,同时也为我国未来的对虾健康养殖提供了潜在的良种。

Mass selection and pedigree selective breeding were performed using periodic and family selection methods in 14 different populations from three different origins. 206 pedigrees were set up in Litopenaeus vannamei, 120 pedigrees, which were grow slowly and with less anti-stress ability, were eliminated through selection according to different biological criteria. The growth and rate of morphological abnormality of 80 pedigrees, which were cultured to commercial stage, were statisticated. The results demonstrated that there are significant differences in growth rate mortality and abnormal rate between different pedigrees although they were cultured in the same or similar environment. The weights of 150 days＇ shrimp in all the pedigrees were in normal distribution. 40 pedigrees, which have a better biological phenotype, were selected for the next generation production. Combined with the theory and production in selective breeding at home and abroad , population selection and individual selection in Litopenaeus vannamei were performed by creationary , statistic and comparison analysis on growing condition in 80 selectived populations were dealt, the rate of morphological abnormality was taken as one of selection guide lines first time, population selection system in Litopenaeus vannamei was set preliminarily, a better technical stage for production and theory study was set. And it maybe provide better thoroughbred in aquaculture breeding of prawn in the future.