农业贸易自由化、贫困和粮食安全:印度的经验

Agricultural Trade Liberalization,Poverty and Food Security——the Indian Experience

回顾了印度独立后农业发展所经历的四个阶段,并对这期间农业政策取得的成就和存在的主要问题进行了总结。重点探讨了印度贸易自由化改革的经验及其对农业增长、贫困削减和粮食安全的影响。研究发现,农业贸易自由化改革促进了农业的发展,并使农业内部的生产结构向增加高附加值产品生产的方向转变;贫困人口和贫困发生率在不断下降;在粮食安全方面,人们的粮食物质上的可获性已经得到满足,粮食经济上的可获性也随着PDS的实施和居民收入水平的不断提高而得到了一定的改善。

This paper reviewed the four development phases of Indian agriculture after independence, and evaluated the success and negative sides of India＇ s agricultural policies during this period. And then evaluated the Indian experience with agricultural trade policy liberalization reforms, and examined its implications for domestic agriculture in general and poverty and food security in particular. From the analysis, the authers find that trade liberalization reform has promoted the development of Indian agriculture. It appears that Indian agriculture is under some significant structural transformation from cereal led growth to high value agriculture （horticulture, dairy, poultry, etc. ） led growth. The incidence of poverty and poverty people show a continual decline during the period of reform. As for the food security in India, we can say that the requirement of physical availability has been fully met at present. And the ecnomic access has been improved with the implement of PDS and continuous increase of farmers＇ income level.