需求导向的多元竞争性农村金融体系重构研究

A Study on the Reconstruction of the Multiple Competitive Rural Financial System Guided by Demand

农村金融供需矛盾在于结构性失衡,一方面农村经济有效信贷需求不足,另一方面,农村信贷市场的低盈利性和服务群体的弱质性、国家金融抑制政策和工业城市优先发展战略、政府主导的农村金融体制强制变迁、信息不对称、滞后的农村金融生态环境等制约着农村金融有效供给。在校正农村金融指导理论的基础上,提出了需求导向的区域多元竞争性农村金融体系的构建路径:提升农村正规金融机构竞争力,适度发展农村非银行金融机构,关键发展农村民有微型合作金融机构,探讨多元化供需对接的小额农村信贷模式,并构建农村信贷市场的风险分担机制。

The demand and supply contradiction of the rural finance results from the structural imbalance. On the one hand, the efficient credit demand is shortened. On the other hand, many factors constraint the efficient supply, such as the low return for the rural credits, the weak service group, the country＇s financial depression policy and the preferred urban development strategy, the compulsory rural financial system transformation, the information asymmetry, and the backward rural financial ecological environment. Based on the correction of the guiding theories of rural finance, this article raises the reconstruction path for the regional multiple competitive rural financial system mainly composed of enhancing the competitiveness of the rural formal financial institutions, appropriately developing the rural informal non-banking financial institutions. This article emphasizes that the key to solve the problem is to develop the small cooperative financial institutions with the ownership of farmers, explore the multiple rural credit models matched by demand and supply, and construct the risk allocation system for the rural credit market.