分布式水文模型在陕西省冬小麦产量模拟中的应用

Application of Distributed Hydrological Model to Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Shaanxi Province

利用分布式水文模型和作物模型模拟了不同深度的土壤含水量,以及在连接分布式水文模型和不连接分布式水文模型两种方式下,利用作物模型分别对冬小麦叶面积指数、干物重增量和产量进行了模拟,最后采用连接分布式水文模型的作物模型模拟了全流域内冬小麦产量的空间分布。模拟结果经对比检验表明,分布式水文模型在土壤水分模拟方面准确性高于作物模型;连接分布式水文模型的作物模型对冬小麦生长过程和产量的模拟结果准确性均高于作物模型独立模拟的结果;连接分布式水文模型的作物模型在流域内对冬小麦产量的空间分布模拟结果也与农业试验站观测产量和社会统计产量基本一致,高产区、低产区分布与实际基本相吻合。这为分布式水文模型和作物模型耦合应用,以及通过引进分布式水文模型来推动作物模型和产量预报研究进一步发展提供了基本的试验支持。

Soil water content at different soil depths is simulated using distributed hydrological model and crop model. Leaf area index（LAI）, increment of dry matter, and grain yield are simulated respectively using the crop model, together with linked distributed hydrological model and the crop model only. Finally, the spatial distribution of grain yield in the whole watershed is simulated using the crop model linking distributed hydrological model. Results show that the accuracy of soil water content simulated by distributed hydrologi- cal model is higher than that calculated by crop model. The accuracy of winter wheat growth and grain yield simulated by the crop model linking distributed hydrological model is higher than that simulated by crop mod- el only. The simulation of spatial distribution of grain yield is consistent with that of observed yield and sta- tistical yield on the whole, and the distribution in high yield region and low yield region is consistent with the actual distribution, basically. The study is a fundamental trial of the application of crop model coupled with distributed hydrological model and attempts to promote the development of the research on crop model and yield forecast through incorporating distributed hydrological model into crop model.