小儿静脉输液外渗原因分析及相关对策

Analysis of The Causes of Venous Transfusion Exosmosis in Children and Related Counter Measure

目的:了解引起小儿静脉输液外渗原因,尝试建立防治小儿静脉输液外渗的护理干预模式。方法:选取年龄≤5岁的660例住院患儿作为观察对象,进行追踪观察,详细记录外渗发生时间、药物、输液工具、血管状况、外渗范围及症状。结果:36例患儿静脉滴注过程中外渗,其中21例(58.33%)患儿因异常哭闹或家长无意碰撞、牵拉引起;6例(16.67%)因药物引起,4例(11.11%)因血管选择不当引起。5例(13.89%)因穿刺、部位固定或方法不当引起。结论:需改良常规穿刺、固定方法,有计划地合理使用静脉,加强家长的输液知识教育及输液巡视,以减少输液外渗的发生。

Objective： To understand the causes fo venous transfusion exosmosis in children, the attempt establishment the nursing intervention pattern of the prevention and treatment of venous transfusion exosmosis in children. Methods：The selection age 45 years old 660 example in hospital trouble took the object of observation, carries on the tracing observation, records the exosmosis to have the time, the medicine, the infusion tool the blood vessel condition, the exosmosis scope and the symptom in detail. Results： There were 36 cases of venous transfusion exosmosis , 21 cases（58.33 % ） were the cause of children cring noisy or the guardian has no intention to colliding tp pulling; 6 examples（ 16.67 % ） were the cause of medicine; 4 cases（11. 11% ）were the cause of choicing wrong blood vessel. 5 cases （13.89 % ） were the cause of wrong puncturing spot fixed or method. Conclusion： We should improving the conventional puncture, the fixed method, having the plan of reasonable choicing vein, strengthening guardian＇s infusion knowledge and make an inspection tour of transfusion, reducing the infusion exosmosis.