有机烟叶及其生产地的评估研究

Preliminary studies on evaluation of environmental condition for organic tobacco production

参照有关有机、绿色农产品对产地环境要求的国家标准,以及有机茶叶的相关质量标准,对有机烟叶生产基地拉乌乡的有关生产情况进行分析评价,对烟叶样品中有害物质和农药残留33个项目比较分析。结果表明,种植试验基地的农田灌溉用水和种植基地土壤环境质量优于国家标准对产地环境要求。试验种植的有机烟叶达到国家有机茶标准。烟叶产品中25项农药没有发现残留,8项有害物质(重金属)的检测值也远低于对比的有机茶叶标准。该基地的有机烟叶种植试验基地无论是环境质量还是所生产的烟叶,均达到国家有机农产品标准。目前中国还没有有机烟叶的生产标准,本试验研究在国内尚属首次,旨在对有机烟叶生产地和有机烟叶农残、重金属量进行评估,为规模生产有机烟叶及其在卷烟工业上的使用作前期研究。研究表明,良好的生态环境,土壤条件是生产有机烟叶的重要基础。建立有机烟叶生产基地及其评价体系,制定相应的有机烟叶质量标准和相关生产技术规程是有机烟叶的规模种植的保证。

The production of organic agriculture was one of the ways to solve the conflicts between consumers and environmental groups for reduce or nil chemical use. Also it was necessary for development of sustainable agriculture and improved living standard. Organic tobacco was not only benefit to consumers but also as one important part of organic fanning. However,there was a few research of organic tobacco in India and the U. S. A Feasibility research for organic tobacco is under way in China Tobacco Industrial Corporation, Yunnan. The experimental plots were over 6 hectare in Lawu town of Yunnan province. The first time research was carried out on organic tobacco farming in China. The objecfives focused on evaluating the environmental condition, and the level of residual pesticide and heavy metals. However, in the case of being short of relative standards for organic tobacco production, this study was conducted to evaluate the relevant parameters by reference to the relevant national standard. And also the quality of tobacco was evaluated according to Organic Tea Standard. The results showed that the soil condition and irrigation quality were better than the requirement of national standard. And the tobacco from demonstration farm reached the national standard for organic tea. The residual pesticide in tobacco leaves tobacco is below detectable range and there was much lower contains of harmful substances such as hydrargyrum, arsenic,chromium, plumbum, cuprum, cadmium, zincum. The results are based on the first year＇ s trails, which suggested that it was possible to produce organic tobacco in Lawn town because of the good environmental quality, soil condition and tobacco quality. However,scientific efforts should be continue in order to set up production procedure for organic tobacco farming and to bridge the gap between the yield of organic tobacco and the one under conventional farming in order to promote its development.