长江三角洲地区城市污泥对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应

Acute Toxicity of Municipal Sludges on Earthworms in the Yangtze River Delta Area

应用滤纸法和自然土壤法测定了长江三角洲地区城市污泥及其与青紫泥混合后对蚯蚓的急性致死效应及慢性毒性效应。结果表明:滤纸法测定的污泥对蚯蚓的毒性症状出现快且严重,不同污泥对蚯蚓的毒性大小差别较大,致死中浓度(LC50)相对应的污泥与水比值(Rsw-LC50)范围在0.0010～0.0242之间。在供试的城市污泥中,上海贮泥池污泥对蚯蚓的毒性最大,上海脱水污泥5对蚯蚓的毒性最小。自然土壤法测定的污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性结果为:所有处理蚯蚓死亡率均为0,各污泥处理对蚯蚓体重增长率的影响差别不大,个别污泥处理蚯蚓体重增长率比对照处理低,即对蚯蚓的体重有负增长影响。与滤纸法各处理相比,中毒症状较轻微,仅极个别中毒症状较明显。与污泥的水浸液相比,污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性大大降低。

The contact filter paper test and artificial soil test were used to determine the effects of acute and chromic toxicities of municipal sludges from the Yangtze River Delta region of China on earthworms in bronze and violet soils. The results indicated that the toxicities of sludges in the contact filter paper test were higher and faster, and the toxic symptoms were very obvious. The ranges of R5w-LC50 （sludge/water） of all sludges to earthworms in this study ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0242. In all sludges, the toxicity of Shanghai mud pond sludge was the highest and Shanghai dehydrated sludge 5 was the lowest. But most toxic symptoms in the artificial soil test were not obvious and the earthworm mortalities of all treatments were 0. The influential differences among different sludge treatments on the growth rate of earthworm weight were small. The toxicity of sludges treated with soils on earthworms abased enormously.