临沂市1977～1996年狂犬病流行特点及防制效果评价

EVALUATION OF THE EPIDEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVENTIVE EFFECTS ON ROBIES FROM 1977～1996 IN LINYI CITY

目的：了解临沂市狂犬病流行特点和规律，客观评价各项防制措施及其效果。方法：对我市1977～1996年狂犬病流行状况进行流行病学调查。结果：20年中有两个流行高峰，共发生狂犬病519例，全部死亡，病死率100％，年平均发病率0.22／10万；以苍山、平邑、郯城三县疫情为重，发病占全市的45．28％。传染源主要是犬，感染方式以咬伤（97．51％）为主。每年4月疫情开始上升，7～10月为发病高峰。潜伏期最短5天，最长495天，平均84．53天。10．79％（56／519）的患者系免疫失败病例。原因有三，伤口未处理，未联合使用抗狂犬病血清，与现行狂犬病疫苗的质量和免疫程序有关。结论：我市目前狂犬病发病率虽然较低，但犬密度很高，引发流行的潜在因素仍存在，应予以高度重视，加强防制措施，把发病率控制在最低水平。

Purpose: Understanded the epidemical characteristics and laws on Rabiesin Linyi City, objectively evaluated the preventive effects on it. Method: The epldemicalconditions of Rabies were investigated by epidemiology from 1977-1996 in Linyi City.Result: There were two epidemical peaks in 20 years, with 519 cases of Rabies that alldied. The case fatality rate was 100%, the year average incidence rate was 0. 22/105. InCangshan, Pingyi and Tancheng three counties, the cases of Rabies accounted for 45.28% of all. It was major that the infectious source was dogs,and the mode of transmission was bite (97. 51% ). Every year, the incidence started increasing in April, reachedthe peak from July to October, the shortest incubution period was 5 days and thelongest, 495 days and the average, 84. 53 days. 10. 79% (56/519) of cases were immunofailure. The reasons for that were as follows: First, wounds were not handled. Second,RIS was n0t jointly used. Last,it related to the quality and the vaccination schedule ofRabies vaccine in use. Conclusion: Although the incidence rate of Rabies is lower,yet thedensity of dog is very higher in Linyi City now. It will be seriously taken that the epidemical factors is latent and the preventive measures on it would be strengthened so thatthe incidence rate can be controlled in lowmost level.