摘要
1925年孙中山逝世后遗体暂厝北京西山碧云寺,谒灵成为纪念孙中山的重要仪式。1929年,国民政府将孙中山灵梓奉安南京,敬谒中山陵成为最神圣的纪念仪式。为使全体国民崇拜孙中山,服务于政治统治,国民党开始制定严格的谒陵规范。每逢孙中山纪念日、重大节日、日常集会、文官考试、学生集训等,国民党及社会各界均举行谒陵仪式,中山陵遂成为民国时期最具有象征意义的政治空间,也成为具有凝聚力的民族主义象征符号。由于孙中山符号是重要的象征资本,民国政坛常常在孙中山灵前上演权力斗争的政治闹剧。国民党标榜遵从总理遗教、以三民主义为最高准则,但政治腐败,民生凋弊,谒陵遂成为人们表达对国民党不满的实践形式。总之,谒陵仪式是民国时期最为神圣、最具影响力的政治仪式,是民国政治文化不可或缺的组成部分。
After Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925, his body was laid in Biyun Temple in Peking. Since then, worshiping the spirit became an important ceremony to memorialize Sun Yat-sen. sent the coffin of Sun Yat-sen to Nanjing. In order to set Sun Yat-sen as an service to its ruligq, Kuomintang constituted rigorous criterion about worshiping n 1929, the National Government adoration of all citizens, providing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Kuomintang and all communities would hold ceremonies of paying respect to the Mausoleum every anniversary of Sun Yat-sen, important festivals, daily meetings, civil service examinations, and drills for students. In this way, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum became a political space with great symbolized meaning, and also became a cohesive representative symbol of nationalism in the Republic of China. Because the symbol of Sun Yat-sen was an important symbolic capital, political farces scrambling for power always performed before the Mausoleum. Kuomintang proclaimed that it obeyed Sun Yat-sen＇s thoughts and took Three People＇s Principles as the highest principle, however, political corruptions and the destitution of people＇s life drove the ritual of worshiping mausoleum into a practical form that people expressed their dissatisfaction towards Kuomintang. In a word, the ritual of worshiping the Mausoleum was the most holy and influential political ceremony, and also was an indispensable part of political culture during the period of Republican China.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
2008年第6期22-38,共17页
Open Times
基金
教育部重大课题攻关项目(项目编号:03JZD009)
