中国农业源温室气体排放与减排技术对策

China greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities and its mitigation strategy

农业是重要的温室气体排放源。该文通过对文献资料和大量研究结果进行分析,得出中国农业活动产生的甲烷和氧化亚氮分别占全国甲烷和氧化亚氮排放量的50.15%和92.47%,农业源占全国温室气体排放总量的17%;通过改善反刍动物营养可降低单个肉牛甲烷排放15%～30%;推广稻田间歇灌溉可减少单位面积稻田甲烷排放30%;一个户用沼气每年最大可减少温室气体2.0～4.1 t二氧化碳当量;推行缓释肥、长效肥料可减少单位面积农田氧化亚氮50%～70%。该文建议尽快开展减排技术示范,对减排技术的适应性和经济性进行评价。

Agriculture is one of the important greenhouse gas （GHG） emission sources. Based on People＇s Republic of China Initinal National Communications on Climate Change, the GHG emission from agricultural sources contributed to 17% of China＇s total greenhouse gas emissions in 1994. The methane emission from agricultural activities amounted for 50.15% of China＇s total methane, the nitrous oxide emission from agricultural sources accounted for 92.47% of China＇s total. Analysis of published papers and documents suggested that following technologies have the potential to mitigate GHG emission from agricultural activities. Improvement of ruminant nutrient is estimated to reduce CH4 emission from individual yellow cattle by 16%-30%; Intermittent irrigation of rice paddy field could reduce CH4 emissions flux by 30% in comparison with flush irrigation; Maximum GHG emission reduction per household biogas digesters could be 2.0-4.1 t CO2 equivalent per year. Application of release-controlled nitrogen fertilizer to crop land reduced N20 emission flux by 50%-70% against regular fertilizers. It is suggested that demonstration and assessment of identified mitigation technology are definitely necessary.