婴儿先天性心脏病93例回顾性分析

A retrospective research of 93 infants with congenital heart disease

目的探讨婴儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点,提高早期诊断率。方法研究对象为2006年1月至2007年6月安徽省蚌埠医学院第一附属医院儿科经彩色多普勒超声心动图(CFM)诊断为CHD的住院婴儿93例,按是否是新生儿分为2组:Ⅰ组:1h至28d(n=14),Ⅱ组:28d至1岁(n=79),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果Ⅰ组CHD以复合畸形为主,共7例(7.5%),以房间隔缺损(ASD)合并室间隔缺损(VSD)最多见(2.2%)。Ⅱ组CHD以单纯畸形为主,共66例(71.0%),最常见的CHD类型为VSD(46.2%)。两组CHD类型构成比比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。8例合并心脏外畸形(8.6%)。临床表现多样,在Ⅰ组尤其不典型,以呼吸急促、青紫、心脏杂音多见,易反复患肺炎,并发心力衰竭。结论婴儿CHD类型较多,临床表现复杂,对可疑的CHD婴儿应及时行超声心动图检查,早期诊断并制定恰当的治疗方案。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of infants with congenital heart disease （CHD） and increase the rate of early diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of 93 patients diagnosed with CHD by color Doppler echo- cardiography （ CFM ） , divided into group Ⅰ （ n = 14 ） and Ⅱ（ n = 79 ） according to neonate age, were analyzed retrospectively. Results Types of combined deformity were major in group Ⅰ ,there were 7cases（7.5% ）, and the most frequent type was atrial septal defect （ ASD ） incorporated with ventricular septal defect （VSD ） （ 2. 2 % ）. Types of simple deformity were major in group U ,there were 66 cases （71.0% ） , and the most frequent type was VSD. Constituent ratio of CHD types between two groups was significantly different （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Totally, 8 cases were complicated with other deformities besides heart（8.6% ）. Infants with CHD had a variety of clinical manifestations, especially in neonate age, of which the most frequency was panting,cyanosis,murmur, and they were susceptible to pneumonia and heart failure. Conclusion There are many deformity types of CHD in infants, and the clinical manifestations are complicated. Those who were suspected of having CHD should be examined by CFM in time and given early diagnosis along with treatment plan.