环境法学权利研究方法论

The Methodology of Studying Rights in Environmental Law

在环境法学权利研究中,方法论是首先需要明确的问题。当前,环境法学权利研究中,过于注重整体主义方法论的运用,从而将权利研究引入两个误区:其一是过于强调国家利益优于个人利益,形成了权力支配下的"义务本位";其二是过于强调生态的整体性,将权利主体扩张到人之外的其他生命甚至是非生命体。而由权利的本质所决定,个体主义方法论应是权利研究中不可或缺的方法论之一。这两种方法论在环境法学权利研究中应紧密结合。

While studying rights in environmental law, one should, first of all, have a full knowledge of relevant methodology. Regretfully, now the study seems to have been misled by over-emphasis of the collectivism methodology and two adverse effects are manifested ： （ 1 ） over stress of priority of state interests over private interests has resulted in the ＂obligation orientation＂ dominated by power; and （2） over stressing the integrity of ecological environment has led to extension of the concept of owner of rights to the life other than man, even including non-life objects. Determined by the essence of rights, individualism methodology should be deemed indispensable in the study of rights. Indeed, both collectivism and individualism methodologies should be integrated in the study of rights in environment law.