激光表面熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的研究进展

Research Development of Nanostructured Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding

激光表面熔覆制备纳米结构涂层是一种新型的纳米表面涂层技术。综述了国内外近年来激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的研究进展。从熔覆对象的角度介绍了激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的主要技术,熔覆对象可分为纳米粉末和预制纳米结构涂层。而纳米粉末主要有纯纳米粉末、纳米/微米混合粉末和构造纳米粉末等;预制纳米结构涂层可分为热喷涂纳米结构涂层、纳米复合镀层以及溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)纳米结构涂层等。阐述了激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层存在的主要问题,并提出了当前的主要发展趋势:激光熔覆原位生成纳米结构涂层、激光熔覆纳米/微米构造复合粉末以及激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层过程的数值模拟等。

Laser cladding is a new type of technology to prepare nanostructured coatings. The present situation of domestic and foreign researches of laser cladding nanostructured coatings is reviewed, and the works of our group are aiso introduced. The main technologies to fabricate nanostructured coatings are introduced according to the different cladding samples, which can be divided into nano particles and prefabricated nanostructured coatings. In terms of nano particles, there are pure nano-particles, nanometer and micrometer composite particles, and reconstructed nano-particles etc. In terms of prefabricated nanostructured coatings, there are thermal sprayed nanostructured coatings, nano-eomposite plating coatings, and sol-gel nanostructured coatings etc. The existent problems of the nanosturctured coatings prepared by laser cladding are presented. The development prospects of this preparation technology, such as in-situ synthesis of nanostructured coatings, laser cladding nanometer and micrometer composite particles, and numerical simulation of the laser cladding process are also discussed.