罗汉果组培苗生物学特性研究

Biological characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii

对罗汉果组培苗生育周期、生长发育习性以及生态适应性进行观测,结果表明:年全生育期为240～260d,定植当年即可正常开花结实。根系与块茎有两个增长高峰期,分别为开花结果期(7月上、中旬)、枯苗期(11月上旬～12月上旬);茎蔓在定植20d内生长较缓慢,之后逐步加快,其中主蔓和一级侧蔓构成植株空间骨架结构,二级侧蔓和三级侧蔓为主要结果蔓;开花座果盛期在7月下旬至8月中旬,花、果着生位置以二级侧蔓的6～15节和三级侧蔓的3～18节为主,点花授粉宜在雌雄花开放的当天上午进行,果实的生长膨大约在座果后的30d内完成,但果实发育成熟约需80d。生长发育的适温为22～28℃,其中旬温25～28℃时对花果生育最为适宜;生长过程中应保持土壤湿润和80%以上的空气湿度;全生育期对氮和钾的吸收量较大,但在生殖生长期,尤其在结果盛期与果实发育期,对磷、钾的需求增加。

Growth stages,growth and development habits and ecological adaptabilities of tissue cultured plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii were observed, the result showed： The all-year growth stage was approximately from 240 d to 260 d,and flower and fruit were produced normally in the same year of planting. In the process of growing,the root and tuber had two fastigiums, the first peak was the flowering and fruiting stage in the first or middle ten days of July,the second peak was the withered seedling stage from the first ten days of November to the first ten days of December. The vine grew slowly in 20 d after planting,and then quickly. The main vine and the first order vine made up of spatial skeleton structure, and the second order vine and third order vine composed of the primary fructification vine. The full flower and fruit setting stage was between the last ten days of July and the middle ten days of August,the attachment modes located from the sixth node to fifteenth node of the second order vine and from the third node to eighteen node of the third order vine. The feasible time of pollination was in the intraday morning when male and female flowers were open-bud, the fruit became intumescence after fruit setting and finished in 30 d, but fruit grew about 80 clays to become mature. The feasible temperature of growth was about from 22℃ to 28 ℃, and the optimum temperature of a period of ten days was from 25 ℃ to 28 ℃ for becoming flower and fruit. The feasible water condition was keeping soil wet and air humidity was above 80%. The optimum light intensity was approximately from 800 to 1 200 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1 , light saturation point was 1 212 μmol · m^2· s^-1 ,and light compensation point was 26.3 μmol · m ^2 · s^-1. In growth stage,the absorption amount of nitrogen and potassium were more, but in reproductive growth stage,the requirement amount of phosphorus and potassium were increasing especially in full fruit setting and development stage.