儿童青少年自我伤害行为及影响因素分析

Investigation on self-harm and the related factors in children and adolescents

目的了解儿童青少年自我伤害行为特征及相关危险因素,为采取有效干预措施提供依据。方法对2 623名7～22岁儿童青少年最近1年内自我伤害情况进行调查。结果儿童青少年自我伤害发生率为7.20%,女生的自我伤害率明显高于男生,且各自采取的主要自伤方式不同(P<0.05)。在自伤原因构成比中,学习压力占44.6%,受到家长和老师责罚占17.4%;家中是发生自伤最主要的场所,占47.9%,其次是学校,占33.1%;自伤时最容易受伤的部位是上肢,占31.4%;自伤发生后118例痊愈,占97.5%,3例留下失能或残疾,占2.5%;父母亲日常照顾时间<6 h、县城、城市和青春期以后的儿童青少年更容易发生自我伤害行为。结论儿童青少年自伤发生率较高,主要影响因素为年龄、家庭居住地及父母照顾时间。

Objective To identify the characteristics and related risk factors of self - harm behaviors among children and adolescents and provide basis for taking effective intervention measures. Methods A total of 2623 children and adolescents aged from 7 to 22 years old was investigated on the self - harm behaviors during the past 12 months. Results The sdf - injury rate of children and adolescents was 7.20 percent. The self- injury rate of girls was higher than that of boys and the girls used different self - harm manners compared with the boys （ P 〈 0.05）. For the constituent ratio of cause of self - injury, pressure accounted for 44.6 percent. The chastisement of parents or teachers accounted for 17.4 percent. Self - harm at home was the most universal（47.9% ）, followed by at school（33.1% ）. The most vulnerable site of self- harm was the upper limb （31.4 % ）. After selfharm, 118 eases（97.5 % ） recovered and 3 cases（2.5 % ） left deactivation or disability. Day - to - day care time of their parents less than 6 hours, the children in county and city and young people after puberty were more prone to selfharm. Conelusion The selfharm behavior rate is high among children and adolescents and main related factors are age, residential place and parental care time.