中国人口性别结构的区域差异及演变动态分析

A Study om The Ses Ratio’s Distribution and Its Change of China From 1949 TO 2005

人口性别构成是影响人类婚姻、人口再生产的基本因素,也影响国家经济、政治、文化、教育等方面的发展,也是编制经济、文化、教育、科技、卫生、人民生活、劳动、城乡建设等发展规划的重要依据,同时对于中国当前正在进行的和谐社会建设也具有重要意义。利用中国五次人口普查资料及2005年1%人口抽样资料分析了中国总人口性别比演变动态及地理分布特征。表明:(1)中国在历史上是一个性别比偏高的国家,新中国总人口性别比呈下降趋势;(2)1953到2005年,年龄性别比曲线越来越平稳,性别比最高峰值呈现有低龄组向中龄组及高龄组转移的趋势;(3)各省区之间及城乡之间的性别结构差异由大变小;(4)山区性别比高于平原,重工业城市高于其他城市,大城市高于小城市。

The sex composition infects the humanity＇s reproduction, marriage, nation＇s economy, politics, culture, and education etc. The establishment of nation＇＇s programming of economy, culture, education, science and technology, and so on should be according to it, The phenomenon of over-high sex ratio in China has attracted more and more attentions. Base on the five census data of China, this paper analyzes the change of the sex ratio and its distributions. The conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） The sex ratio of China is over-high than other countries in history. （2）From 1953 to 2005, the figure of sex ratio is beginning to change smaller and now it still is big than other countries, the age-sex ratio curve is becoming stabilized, the peak value of the curve is changed from sroall-age to middle-age and old-age. （3）The regional difference of sex ratio is that the figure in mountain is bigger than in plain and which of it in big city is bigger than in smaLl city. （4） The difference of sex ratio among provinces is beginning smaller and smaller.