陕西关中农村地区两所中学学生贫血原因的探究

Analysis of anaemic causes among students of two middle schools in Guanzhong rural regions of Shaanxi Province

目的探索陕西关中农村地区中学生贫血发生的原因。方法对陕西关中农村地区两所中学1 135名学生进行膳食调查和贫血筛检,筛检出贫血者,作为贫血组,并在非贫血者中选取与贫血者同年龄、同性别的个体作为非贫血组,测定两组平均红细胞体积、血清叶酸、维生素B12、铁蛋白的含量,并留取粪便进行消化道寄生虫感染的检测。结果贫血检出率为25.5%;在贫血检出者中,MCV>100 fL、100-80 fL、<80 fL者的构成比分别为45.2%、51.6%、3.2%,同时贫血组血清叶酸、维生素B12缺乏率高于非贫血组(P<0.05),两组血清铁蛋白缺乏率无显著性差异(P>0.05);该群体学生谷类摄入量足够,蔬菜、水果、豆类、蛋类、肉禽类、鱼虾类、奶类摄入量不足,两组之间粪检阳性率无显著性差异。结论该调查人群发生贫血的主要原因是膳食结构不合理,造成机体叶酸、维生素B12缺乏。

Objective To explore influencing factors of anemia among the middle school students in Guanzhong rural regions of Shaanxi Province. Methods Totally 1 135 middle school students from two middle schools in Guanzhong rural regions of Shaanxi Province,were selected and investigated by dietary intake survey and anemia screening for the first stage of study.According to the WHO（2001） and UNICEF criteria,the group with anemic subjects we had screened was called anemic group,while age-sex matched non-anemic subjects were selected as control group for the next stage.During the second stage,fasting venous blood samples of all selected subjects for this stage were collected to perform routine blood test and to measure content of folic acid,vitamin B 12 and ferritin in the serum.Fecal samples were also detected for parasitic infection. Results The anemia prevalence was 25.5%.Megacell anemia,maincell anemia and minicell anemia proportions were 45.2%,51.6% and 3.2%,and deficiency rate of serum folic acid and vitamin B 12 in anemic group was higher than that in control（P 〈0.05）,but serum ferritin deficiency rate in anemic and control groups had no significant differences;grain intake was adequate,but vegetables,fruit,bean,egg,meat,poultry,fish and milk intakes were inadequate.Positive rate in fecal samples detected for parasitic infection had no significant differences between anemic and control groups（P 〉0.05）. Conclusion Deficiency of folic acid and VB 12 is the most important factor of the incidence of anemia and nutrients deficieny in the body is caused by improper dietary pattern.