结核分枝杆菌感染实验模型

Experimental Animal Models of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

结核分枝杆菌是引起人结核病的主要病原,全世界约有1/3人口感染结核分枝杆菌。尽管该病原可感染并引起许多动物疾病,但人类是其中心宿主。为研究结核分枝杆菌的致病机理及宿主对本病原的保护性和免疫病理学反应,选择合适的动物模型非常必要。本文阐述了结核病研究中常用的实验模型及各种模型的优缺点。实验模型的合理应用将促进我们对结核病的认识,从中获取的资料将有助于我们发现更好的预防和治疗方案。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB） is one of most major human pathogens which results in tuberculosis （TB）, with one-third of the world population being infected. Although this bacterium can infect and cause disease in many animals, humans are the natural host. For the purpose of studying the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infection, as well as the protective and immunopathologic host responses against this pathogen, suitable animal models play a pivotal role. In this paper, the research models widely used in MTB infection are elucidated, as well as their limitations and advantages are discussed. Careful and thoughtful use of research models is essential to further deepen our understanding of M. tuberculosis infection, and this knowledge will promote the development of improved treatment and prevention strategies.