北京东灵山小龙门地区树生地衣多样性及生态研究

ON COMPOSITION OF CORTICOLOUS LICHENS ON TREES AND THEIR RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT IN XIAOLONGMEN REGION OF BEIJING

对北京东灵山-小龙门林场地区青杨、辽东栎、油松、棘皮桦、白桦与核桃楸6种树木树皮上生长的地衣的多样性和生态特点进行了调查研究.经鉴定发现,6种树上的地衣共有6个科,8个属,14种,优势种是白刺毛黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscio hirtuosa)和石黄衣(Xanthoria sp.).其中青杨上的地衣种类最为丰富,覆盖度较大.油松上的地衣种类虽然单一,为灰绿癞屑衣(Lepraria lobificans Ny1),但盖度也较高.地衣在其他4种树上的数量与前2种树相比有显著性差异.在生长型上,以叶状地衣最多,共有12种,枝状和壳状各1种.同时还发现6种树上的地衣在生长上普遍具有方向聚集性,这在青杨和油松上体现得尤为明显.本文还探讨了光照、湿度、朝向与海拔等生态因子对树生地衣的影响.

To find out ecological distribution and community composition of corticolous lichens in Dongling Mountain of Beijing. Corticolous lichens on six kind of trees in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, were surveyed. In total 8 categories and 14 species were identified. Phaeopscia hirtuosa and Xanthoria parietina （L.） Belt. are the predominant species in corticolous lichens. Lichens on Cathayana Rehd are the most abundant. The species of corticolous on Pinus tabulaeformis Carr is single （Lepraria lobificans Nyl）. The general coverage of lichens on the other four kind of trees are strikingly different from the above two. It is discovered through observation and statistics that the growth of corticolous lichens have directional trait, especially on Cathayana Rehd and Liaotungensis Koidz. The influences of ecological factors such as light, water, tree height and elevation on corticolous lichens were discussed.