7Tudor G,Howard Y,James M,et al.The cortical ischemic core and not the consistently present penumbra is a determinant of clinical outcome in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion[J].Stroke,2003,34(10):2 426-2 433.
8Ginsberg MD.Adventures in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia:penumbra,gene expression,neuroprotection:The 2002 thomas willis lecture[J].Stroke,2003,34(1):214-223.