温度对异色瓢虫实验种群的影响

Influence of temperature on experimental populations of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)

为探索饲养异色瓢虫的最适温度,了解其对高温的耐受性,在15、20、25、30和35℃恒温条件下,研究温度对异色瓢虫发育、存活和繁殖的影响。结果表明,在15～25℃时,异色瓢虫各虫态发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,25℃和30℃时世代历期最短,分别为23.0天和22.4天;世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.54℃和432.61日.度。在20～30℃时,雌性成虫的寿命随温度的升高而缩短,且雌雄个体间无明显差异;25℃时单雌产卵量最高、产卵历期最长,为2193.0粒和63.6天,但产卵历期与20℃时无显著差异。在25℃下,异色瓢虫的种群趋势指数和内禀增长力均较高,分别为916.7和0.12,表明25℃是异色瓢虫生长、繁殖的最适温度。

To explore the optimal temperature for keeping the ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis （Pallas） and understand their heat tolerance, under condition of 5, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, life tables were established by studying influence on development, survival rate and fecundity of the beetle. The results showed that the developmental rate increased while the temperature increasing between 15 and 25℃, and the shortest rate exited between 25℃ and 30℃ with 23.0 d and 22.4 d separately. The threshold temperature was 8.54℃ and the effective accumulated temperature required for whole generation was 432.61 degreedays. Between 20℃ and 30℃, the lifespan of the female adults was shortened with the temperature increasing, with no significant differences between the male adults and the female adults. The number of eggs laid per female and the oviposition duration rich the highest, 2193.0 and 63.6 d respectively at 25℃, but there was no significant difference with that of at 20℃. Innate capacity and index of population trend were higher at 25℃, 916.7 and 0.12. So the 25℃ was the most suitable temperature for keeping Harmonia axyridis.