美国间谍案与一九五四年至一九五五年中美关系危机

The Case of American Espionage and the Crisis of Sino-American Relations from 1954 to 1955

1954年11月,中国政府对13名美国军事间谍作出宣判,这既是主权范围内的司法活动,又是针对美台共同防御谈判的外交攻势。此事引起美国军政界的强烈反应,中美关系一度出现严重危机。随后中美两国的外交活动化解了危机,同时还将两国间的领事级会谈升格为大使级会谈。中方一张一弛的外交努力,不仅使得中国部分留美学生顺利回国,同时还为新中国外交地位的提高奠定了基础。

The Chinese government passed judgment in November 1954 on the thirteen American soldiers who had engaged in espionage activities, which touched off a strong reaction from the American military and political quarters and the Sino-American relations were landed in a serious crisis. Then the diplomatic maneuvers on both sides solved the crisis and even raised the talks between the two countries from the consular level to the ambassadorial level. The diplomatic move on the Chinese side to alternate tension with relaxation created conditions for the smooth return of a part of overseas Chinese students and, furthermore, laid foundations for raising New China＇ s diplomatic status.