传统社会基层女性社会地位的再思考——恩施双龙土家族村女性研究系列论文之二

Rethinking Women′s Social Position at the Basic Level in Traditional Society

人们通常认为传统社会中,两性关系是严重失衡的,表现在女性才能和权力的被压抑与限制。对湖北省恩施州建始县三里乡双龙土家族村的调查发现,基层的百姓生活基本上保留了女性相应的权力与生存空间,它表现为性别区分的模糊,长老统治与贤能原则共存以及宗族关系与姻亲关系的均衡等方面。实践中人们对原则的遵守和突破为基层百姓生活中两性位置的实际均衡奠定了基础,保证了女性对社会的贡献及相应的社会地位,维持了基层社会运转的相对和谐。

Generally speaking, people hold that the bisexual relationships are seriously unbalanced, concretely speaking, women＇s talents and power are suppressed and restricted. But findings from Tujia village in Shuanglong district, Jianshi county of Enshi prefecture, Hubei province show that some relevant power and living space are preserved for people at the basic level, which is charaterized with the blurring disticntion of sexes, the coexistence of rule by the elder and talents principle, and the balance between the clan and affinity. In practice both the observation and breakthrough of the principles have laid a foundation for the actual balance of bisexual position for people at the basic level, assuring women＇s contribution to society and relevant position and further maintaining the relative harmony of social operations at the basic level.