关于《劳动合同法》第14条的溯及力的法理分析

Legal Review of the Retroactivity of No.14 Article of Labor Contract Law of PRC

《劳动合同法》第14条引起了广泛争议并产生了很大社会影响,争议的焦点是有关年限的规定是否具有溯及力的问题。依据法不溯及既往原则,《劳动合同法》原则上不具有溯及力,但由于《劳动合同法》的立法意图旨在保护劳工利益,加之《劳动合同法》吸收了《劳动法》的有关规定,因而使某些有关年限的起点具有溯及力。这样把握既不违反法不溯及既往原则,同时也保护了劳工的正当权益。不过应该有个过渡办法,《劳动合同法》实施前企业对劳工的福利欠债可以考虑由政府"埋单"而不能完全推给企业。

the article 14 of Labor Contract Law gives rise to great controversy and social influence. The subject of the controversy is whether the provisions about the limited years have the retroactivity. In our opinion, according to the principle of non-retroactivity of law, in principle, the Labor Law has no retroactivity. But because the purpose of the Labor Contract Law is to protect the labor＇ s benefit and the Labor Contract Law assimilates the relative provisions of the Labor Law, so the starting point of some limited years have the retroactivity. In this way, it not only abides by the principle of non-retroactivity of law, at the same time protects the legal rights of the labor. But it should have a transitional measure. Before the new law is in effect, the beneficial debt the enterprises owe to the labor can be paid by the government not by the enterprises.