论法官对科学证据的审查——以美国法官的看守职责为视角

Study on the Evaluation of Scientific Evidence by Judges:From the Perspective of Judge’s Gate-keeping Function in US

科技的发展对法律产生了巨大的影响,科学证据则是这一冲击的直接体现。因此,法官如何审查科学证据保障审判的公正成了人们所关注的问题。美国经过多年的发展,对于科学证据的审查逐渐形成了法官的看守职责。该过程经历了严格的弗赖伊规则,自由的联邦证据规则以及目前占主导地位的多伯特规则等多个阶段。相比而言,我国现有的法律内容比较简单,有待完善。尽管存在诉讼体制等诸多方面的差异,美国相关规则的制定及理论探讨对我国立法完善仍有重要的借鉴意义。

Developments of science and technology have caused immense influence on law. Related questions around scientific evidence show such impaction. So, how to assess the admissibility of scientific evidence becomes an attention - getting topic. After eighty -five years study, American have developed the theories of judges＇gate keeping function for scientific evidence, including strict Frye Rule,liberal Federal evidence rule and current Daubert Rule. But related rules in our country are deficiency. Though there are some difference in system of litigation and otherwise between American and China, those rules and theories still have special reference for our legislation improvement.