两个文学世界中异化的拜物主义与暴力崇拜:《蝇王》与《黑暗之心》的比较研究(英文)

Fetishism and Violence in the Literary Worlds of Alienation:A Comparative Study of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

本文从文学心理批评与文化人类学的角度对《蝇王》与《黑暗之心》进行比较研究。两篇小说中的拜物主义同源于对未知环境的恐惧,而通过拜物,这种恐惧得以缓解。文章第一部分探讨小说中物神的形象以及功能。第二部分研究拜物主义所引起的非理性狂热、暴力崇拜与人物身份的转换。小说中的人物将自身的欲望投射于崇拜物,将其赋予超自然的力量。拜物主义成为人物命运的主宰与暴力的契机,其血腥的祭仪带来人类理性的毁灭。第三部分针对拜物主义所带来的人性异化问题,阐释异化是人在改造环境时的必经之路。在对外物的崇拜中,人性内在的本质却被忽视。在与环境和自身的疏离过程中人被自己的造物所奴役,遭遇自我存在的危机。

This paper comparative study between William Golding＇ s Lord of the Flies and Joseph Conrad＇ s Heart of Darkness is based on psychoanalytical literary criticism with the application of anthropological research. The first part of the essay deals with the origin of fetishism in the novels, which arises from the horror against the unknown environment and appeases the anxiety through rituals. The second part analyzes ritualistic violence and transformation of identities which are brought out by fetishism as the catalyst of violence. The fetishes are projected with human desire and endowed with imaginary power, since they have become the domi- nant force of human life. The death of reason and alienation from humanity reflect the. crisis of human existence, as it is stated in the third part that alienation is an inevitable step during men＇ s reconstruction of the environment. While men are in thrall to the power of their own creations, they cease to recognize their inner reality and become alienated from both the environment and the existent self.